Mikołaj Dobrucki explores Penpot's new component system, introduced in its 2.0 release, which aims to bridge the gap between design and code. Penpot, an open-source design tool, offers features like creating reusable components, component variants, nesting components, and organizing design systems. The article highlights Penpot's unique approach of building UIs using technologies and standards similar to real working products, fostering better collaboration between designers and developers.